Archive of Interesting Code(算法大全)

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The Archive of Interesting Code

The Archive of Interesting Code is an (ambitious) effort on my part to research, intuit, and code up every interesting algorithm and data structure ever invented. In doing so, I hope both to learn the mathematical techniques that power these technologies and to improve my skills as a programmer.

The examples on this site are in a variety of languages. I generally prefer to use C++ for algorithms, since the STL provides a great framework for expressing algorithms that work on a variety of data types. I code up most data structures in Java, both because the Collections framework allows them to be integrated in seamlessly with other applications and because automatic garbage collection simplifies some of the resource management. Every now and then I'll find an algorithm or data structure that is best represented in a different language like Haskell, in which case I'll forgo my usual language conventions.

In case you're curious what I'm someday hoping to having implemented on this page, you can check out my TODO list.

If you're interested in using any of this code in your applications, feel free to do so! You don't need to cite me or this website as a source, though I would appreciate it if you did. However, please don't plagiarize the code here by claiming authorship - that would just be dishonest. I also caution you that while I'm fairly confident that the code on this site is correct, I haven't mercilessly tested every line, and so there may be a lurking bug or two here.

Enjoy!

The Code

Name Link Date Added Language Description
Binomial Heap (link) 7‑24‑2010 C++ An implementation of a binomial heap data structure for use as a priority queue.
Bounded Priority Queue (link) 7‑24‑2010 C++ An implementation of a priority queue with a fixed upper limit to its size..
Matrix (link) 7‑24‑2010 C++ A collection of classes for manipulating matrices.
VList (link) 8‑16‑2010 Java An implementation of the List abstraction backed by a VList.
Function Wrapper (link) 8‑16‑2010 C++ A C++ wrapper class around unary functions.
String (link) 8‑17‑2010 C++ An implementation of a string abstraction that uses the small string optimization.
nstream (link) 8‑31‑2010 C++ An stream class that sends and receives data over a network.
Snake (link) 8‑31‑2010 C++ An implementation of the game Snake with a rudimentary AI.
Mergesort (link) 9‑14‑2010 C++ An implementation of the mergesort algorithm.
Next Permutation (link) 10‑6‑2010 C++ An implementation of the nextpermutation STL algorithm.
Interval Heap (link) 10‑17‑2010 Java An implementation of a double-ended priority queue using an interval heap.
Linear-Time Selection (link) 10‑18‑2010 C++ A deterministic, linear-time selection algorithm using the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_algorithm#Linear_general_selection_algorithm-Median_of_Medians_algorithm">median-of-medians algorithm.
Heapsort (link) 10‑18‑2010 C++ An implementation of the heapsort algorithm.
Union-Find (link) 10‑19‑2010 Java An implementation of a disjoint-set data structure using a disjoint set forest.
Radix Sort (link) 10‑19‑2010 C++ An implementation of the radix sort algorithm.
Rational (link) 10‑23‑2010 C++ A data structure representing a rational number.
DPLL (link) 10‑23‑2010 Haskell An implementation of the DPLL algorithm for solving CNF-SAT.
Smoothsort (link) 10‑27‑2010 C++ An implementation of the smoothsort algorithm, an adaptive heapsort variant.
Extendible Array (link) 10‑28‑2010 Java A dynamic array class with O(1) worst-case runtime lookup and append.
In-Place Merge (link) 10‑29‑2010 C++ An implementation of a merge algorithm that runs in-place.
Random Shuffle (link) 10‑29‑2010 C++ An algorithm for generating a random permutation of a set of elements.
Random Sample (link) 10‑29‑2010 C++ An O(n) time, O(1) space algorithm for randomly choosing k elements out of a stream with uniform probability.
Natural Mergesort (link) 10‑30‑2010 C++ An implementation of natural mergesort, an adaptive variant of mergesort.
Interpolation Search (link) 10‑31‑2010 C++ An implementation of the interpolation search algorithm.
Introsort (link) 10‑31‑2010 C++ An implementation of the introsort algorithm, a fast hybrid of quicksort, heapsort, and insertion sort.
Hashed Array Tree (link) 11‑3‑2010 Java An implementation of a dynamic array backed by a hashed array tree.
Recurrence Solver (link) 11‑13‑2010 C++ A fast algorithm for generating terms of a sequence defined by a linear recurrence relation.
Fibonacci Heap (link) 11‑15‑2010 Java An implementation of a priority queue backed by a Fibonacci heap.
Dijkstra's Algorithm (link) 11‑16‑2010 Java An implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm for single-source shortest paths.
Prim's Algorithm (link) 11‑17‑2010 Java An implementation of Prim's algorithm for computing minimum spanning trees.
Kruskal's Algorithm (link) 11‑17‑2010 Java An implementation of Kruskal's algorithm for computing minimum spanning trees.
Majority Element (link) 11‑17‑2010 C++ A fast, linear-time algorithm for finding the majority element of a data set.
Haar Transform (link) 11‑17‑2010 C++ A set of functions to decompose a sequence of values into a sum of Haar wavelets.
Argmax (link) 11‑19‑2010 C++ A pair of functions to compute the arg min or max of a function on some range.
Derivative (link) 11‑19‑2010 C++ A function object that approximates the derivative of a function.
Levenshtein Distance (link) 11‑19‑2010 C++ An algorithm for computing the Levenshtein distance between two sequences.
Skiplist (link) 11‑20‑2010 C++ An implementation of a skip list, a randomized data structure for maintaining a sorted collection.
van Emde Boas Tree (link) 11‑26‑2010 C++ An implementation of a sorted associative array backed by a van Emde Boas tree.
Cuckoo HashMap (link) 11‑27‑2010 Java An implementation of a hash table using cuckoo hashing.
Needleman-Wunsch Algorithm (link) 11‑28‑2010 C++ An implementation of the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm for optimal string alignment.
Treap (link) 11‑28‑2010 C++ An implementation of a sorted associative array backed by a treap.
Floyd-Warshall Algorithm (link) 12‑10‑2010 Java An implementation of the Floyd-Warshall algorithm for all-pairs shortest paths in a graph.
Power Iteration (link) 12‑10‑2010 C++ An implementation of the power iteration algorithm for finding dominant eigenvectors.
Edmonds's Matching Algorithm (link) 12‑15‑2010 Java An implementation of Edmonds's matching algorithm for finding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching(graphtheory)#Maximum_matchings">maximum matchings in undirected graphs.
Kosaraju's Algorithm (link) 12‑15‑2010 Java An implementation of Kosaraju's algorithm algorithm for finding strongly connected components of a directed graph.
2-SAT (link) 12‑15‑2010 Java A linear-time algorithm for solving 2-SAT.
Bellman-Ford Algorithm (link) 12‑17‑2010 Java An implementation of the Bellman-Ford algorithm for single-source shortest paths.
Topological Sort (link) 12‑17‑2010 Java An algorithm for computing a topological sort of a directed acyclic graph.
Graham Scan (link) 12‑19‑2010 C++ An implementation of the Graham scan for finding convex hulls in 2D space.
Bipartite Testing (link) 12‑19‑2010 Java A linear-time algorithm for checking whether a directed graph is bipartite.
Johnson's Algorithm (link) 12‑19‑2010 Java An implementation of Johnson's algorithm for all-pairs shortest paths.
Strassen Algorithm (link) 12‑20‑2010 C++ An implementation of the Strassen algorithm for fast matrix multiplication.
Cartesian Tree Sort (link) 12‑21‑2010 C++ An implementation of Cartesian tree sort, an adaptive, out-of-place heapsort variant.
Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (link) 12‑21‑2010 Java An implementation of the Ford-Fulkerson maximum-flow algorithm.
Scaling Ford-Fulkerson (link) 12‑22‑2010 Java An modification of the Ford-Fulkerson maximum-flow algorithm that uses scaling to achieve polynomial time..
Splay Tree (link) 12‑27‑2010 C++ An implementation of a sorted associative array backed by a splay tree.
Ternary Search Tree (link) 12‑28‑2010 C++ An implementation of a sorted set of strings backed by a ternary search tree.
Ring Buffer (link) 12‑30‑2010 Java An implementation of a FIFO queue using a ring buffer.
AVL Tree (link) 12‑30‑2010 C++ A sorted associative container backed by an AVL tree.
Rabin-Karp Algorithm (link) 1‑1‑2011 C++ An implementation of the Rabin-Karp algorithm for string matching.
RPN Evaluator (link) 1‑18‑2011 C++ / strain A library to tokenize and evaluate simple arithmetic expressions in reverse Polish notation.
Shunting-Yard Algorithm (link) 1‑18‑2011 C++ / strain An implementation of Dijkstra's shunting-yard algorithm for converting infix expressions to reverse-Polish notation.
Skew Binomial Heap (link) 1‑20‑2011 C++ An implementation of a priority queue backed by a skew binomial heap.
2/3 Heap (link) 3‑1‑2011 C++ An implementation of a priority queue whose branching factor alternates at different levels to maximize performance.
Zeckendorf Logarithm (link) 3‑10‑2011 C++ An algorithm based on Zeckendorf representations that efficiently computes logarithms.
Factoradic Permutations (link) 3‑17‑2011 C++ A set of algorithms for generating permutations using the factoradic number system.
Binary Cyclic Subsets (link) 3‑20‑2011 C++ A set of algorithms for generating subsets in lexicographical order using binary numbers and cyclic shifts.
Fibonacci Iterator (link) 3‑22‑2011 C++ An STL-style iterator for iterating over the Fibonacci numbers.
Fibonacci Search (link) 3‑22‑2011 C++ An implementation of the Fibonacci search algorithm.
Euclid's Algorithm (link) 4‑18‑2011 Haskell An implementation of Euclid's algorithm and applications to continued fractions and the extended Euclidean algorithm.
Find Duplicate (link) 4‑18‑2011 Python An algorithm to find a repeated element in an array using Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm.
Permutation Generator (link) 4‑19‑2011 Python A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator(computerprogramming)">generator for producing all permutations of a list of elements.
Matrix Find (link) 4‑19‑2011 Python A solution to the classic interview question of searching a sorted matrix for a particular value.
Binary GCD (link) 4‑23‑2011 Scheme An implementation of the binary GCD algorithm for computing greatest common divisors of nonnegative integers.
Knuth-Morris-Pratt Algorithm (link) 5‑3‑2011 Python An implementation of the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm for fast string matching.
Kadane's Algorithm (link) 5‑7‑2011 C++ An implementation of Kadane's algorithm for solving the maximum-weight subarray problem.
Karatsuba's Algorithm (link) 8‑15‑2011 Python An implementation of Karatsuba's algorithm for fast integer multiplication.
Min-Stack (link) 8‑15‑2011 C++ An implementation of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack(datastructure)">LIFO stack that supports O(1) push, pop, and find-minimum.
Random Bag (link) 8‑15‑2011 Python A data structure that supports insertion and removal of a uniformly-random element.
Min-Queue (link) 8‑15‑2011 C++ An implementation of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue(datastructure)">FIFO queue that supports O(1) push, pop, and find-minimum.
Lights-Out Solver (link) 8‑29‑2011 C++ A solver for the game <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lights_Out(game)">Lights Out using Gaussian elimination over GF(2).
Maximum Single-Sell Profit (link) 11‑9‑2011 Python Four algorithms for the maximum single-sell profit problem, each showing off a different algorithmic technique.
Generalized Kadane's Algorithm (link) 11‑10‑2011 C++ A generalization of Kadane's algorithm for solving the maximum subarray problem subject to a length restriction.
Longest Range (link) 11‑19‑2011 Java An algorithm for solving the longest contiguous range problem.
Egyptian Fractions (link) 11‑20‑2011 Python An implementation of the greedy algorithm for finding Egyptian fractions.
LL(1) Parser Generator (link) 11‑21‑2011 Java An LL(1) parser generator.
LR(0) Parser Generator (link) 11‑23‑2011 Java An LR(0) parser generator.
Word Ladders (link) 11‑27‑2011 JavaScript A program for finding word ladders between two words.
Alias Method (link) 12‑27‑2011 Java An implementation of the alias method for sampling from a discrete probability distribution.
Binary Quicksort (link) 1‑5‑2012 C++ An implementation of the binary quicksort (binary MSD radix sort) algorithm.
Ternary Sierpinski Triangle (link) 6‑16‑2012 JavaScript An algorithm for drawing the Sierpinksi triangle using ternary numbers.
In-Place Tree Delete (link) 12‑12‑2012 C++ An algorithm for deleting all of the nodes of a binary tree using O(1) auxiliary storage space.
Random Access List (link) 5‑14‑2013 Haskell A purely functional, persistent random-access sequence backed by a random access list.
BST LCA (link) 6‑5‑2013 Haskell A function for finding the lowest common ancestor of two nodes in a binary search tree.
Matrix Fill (link) 3‑6‑2014 Java An algorithm for solving the matrix fill problem, an interview problem from Microsoft.

Auther Keith Schwarz 来源 : http://www.keithschwarz.com/interesting/

将Hadoop源码转作eclipse工程

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将Hadoop源码转作eclipse工程

下载hadoop源码,可以从官网hadoop.apache.org,或者通过命令:
git clone git://git.apache.org/hadoop-common.git

我下载的是hadoop2.2.0版。

需要maven(安装及配置方法略)来进行编译:
$ mvn install -DskipTests$ mvn eclipse:eclipse -DdownloadSources=true -DdownloadJavadocs=true

接下来可以进行导入了: 选择File中的import...

要说明的是,导入的项目中有无效的引入(有个conf文件夹),可以去掉即可。还有缺少的类(主要是test文件夹中的),可以从对应的项目源码文件中target的对应目录中拷贝过去即可。

现在开始浏览hadoop源码了:)

如何清晰地思考:近一年来业余阅读的关于思维方面的知识结构整理(附大幅思维导图)

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如何清晰地思考:近一年来业余阅读的关于思维方面的知识结构整理(附大幅思维导图)

2008-12-18 14:15

如何清晰地思考:近一年来业余阅读的关于思维方面的知识结构整理(附大幅思维导图)

By 刘未鹏(pongba) C++ 的罗浮宫(http://blog.csdn.net/pongba) TopLanguage(https://groups.google.com/group/pongba)

一年前一个偶然的机会我遇到了一本书——《影响力》,看完这本书之后对我们如何思维产生了极大的兴趣,于是在一年的时间里面密集地阅读了以下一些方面的经典著作:社会心理学、认知科学、神经科学、进化心理学、行为经济学、机器学习、人工智能、自然语言处理、问题求解、辩论法(Argumentation Theory)、Critical Thinking、判断与决策。以及大量的 Wikipedia 条目。

这一年来,对以上这些领域的阅读和思考给我带来了极大的价值,我相信他们也会给你带来巨大的收益。